An Anomaly Detection Scheme for prevention of collaborative attacks Dissertation

An Anomaly Detection Scheme for prevention of collaborative attacks - Dissertation Example These systems can be networks, ISP core or P2P systems. Some of the attackers that can collaborate to paralyze a system include, Denial of Messages attacks in which corrupt nodes interfere with radio signals of the genuine nodes thus preventing them from receiving messages. Secondly, Sybil attacks in which users acquire multiple fake identities, controls various nodes of the system, and eventually controls its decisions. Finally malicious flooding where a malicious node floods the system with messages. These attackers have various characteristics that lead to inefficiency of a system. They can cause disruptions at short intervals making the system very slow to respond to any action or they can concentrate at various nodes to cause confusion to the anomaly detection system that is in place. An anomaly is the unusual or unexpected behaviors in an information system .Anomalies violate the security policies of a system and they need early detection and counteraction else, they translate into real life negative situations. An anomaly detection scheme is a technical mechanism used to protect a computer infrastructure from attacks. Recently, there are several attack detection schemes. In order to benefit fully from, the anomaly detection concept, there should be additional security features like the authentication and access control protocols. An attack Detection System is a very important part of the entire system when developed with security in mind. The Anomaly Detection Schemes is not a new concept but it is in various applications with a promise of viable results. Lazarevic et al. (2003) compared various Anomaly Detection Schemes in a network to perform execution of data that was suspicious. Most of the organizations have adopted a system that suits them in detection and prevention of attacks .An example of such a system is the Intrusion Prevention System, which is very useful in preventing the Distributed Denial of Service attacks. Detection and prevention of th e collaborative attacks depends on several factors. Another such system is the STAND system, which is an improved version of CAD sensors discussed later in the prose. Change in time domain: All detection schemes require enough time for discovery of the attack and reaction to it. The attacks can be automatic, manual or semi-automatic. Automatic attacks leave no communication duration to the machine that is about to take place. The time parameters that determine the effect of an attack are reaction time; detection time and the response time. Many of the attackers make use of slow time dynamics of transmission time out. Here the attacker sends short-term bursts. In order to overcome the attackers in good time, there should be a means for real-time attack classification and a defense mechanism. This means that data mining by the detection system should be real-time, putting into consideration efficiency, accuracy, and usability, (Axelsson, 1999). To ensure high accuracy in a short time, data mining process uses programs that analyze the data and at the same time distinguish between genuine actions and malicious attacks. To ensure high efficiency, the costs of the extracted features are calculated and the cost approach is useful in production of efficient detection model. Usability improvement is by adapting algorithms that that facilitate fast updating of the system to enhance quick attack detection (Barbara et al., 2001; Barbara et al., 2002). Audit data analysis and mining (ADAM) is the system that proposes use of data

Impact of Culture on the performance of the virtual groups Essay

Impact of Culture on the performance of the virtual groups - Essay Example It is implied, that the culture of virtual groups is defined by the level of their education, as the tests will be made among students through the period of two semesters. It is necessary to consider the impact of culture through each of the four decision-outcomes criteria separately, making common conclusion. For the aims of the work it will be necessary to describe the AST in details, making special references to its potential connection with the issue of cultural impact, it will be necessary to define the context in which the notion of culture will be considered as well as distinguish the exact methodology and analysis methods. The work will be useful for the students studying in the sphere of computer sciences. The present research represents high relevance as the issues of culture in various aspects of human life acquire new meaning when applying them to the new technologies.

History Of Localization And Glocalization Marketing Essay

History Of Localization And Glocalization Marketing Essay Social capital in multinational companies is part and parcel of human resource management, whether locally or internationally. The terms globalization, localization and glocalization are expressions introduced to economy only recently. It is needless to say that globalization and localization refer (in finance) to economic concepts including multinational corporations, sale and purchase and other services. Since the end of the Cold War, we have been facing economic struggle instead of the military one that prevailed for many decades.   But glocalization is an exceptional term, since it is coined of two words (globalization and localization). In this paper I intend to examine the evolution of glocalization and present some practical examples from my environment (Norway) to find out how this term works. Some sociologists, anthropologists and economist classify capital into three main types. Pierre Bourdieu distinguishes between three capitals: economic capital, cultural capital and social capital. In this paper I will try to describe the structure of the banking industry with a focus on Western Europe and the Nordic countries. Furthermore, I will describe how my own organization (Nordea Bank ASA) should relate to the global evolution toward a more global banking industry. Let me start with the notion of globalization in economy first and then proceed to glocalization. Theodore Levitt article, Globalization of markets in the Harvard Business Review in 1983 introduced a heated discussion of consequences of globalization, which revolved around global governance, independence and local market conditions. Globalization in this context is defined as a process where banks are larger and fewer and where they operate largely across countries and regions, i.e. that we call global oligopoly. The globalization of the banking industry is still in its infancy, but some features appear already to be central to the development of this industry in the coming years. In Norway, globalization will involve new challenges and opportunities for Norwegian banks both in Norway and abroad.   The Europe Commission has set a goal to reduce the many trade barriers that stand in the way of an efficient financial market in Europe. It is not easy to set borders between globalization and glocalization in economy or in social applications. Glocalization is defined by (Wellman B. 2001) as the following Glocalization is a neologism meaning the combination of intense local and extensive global interaction   Du +1-et dette offentlig. Angre Glocalization is a proposed solution to some problems of globalization. Critics believe globalization causes conflict between an emerging worldwide system of values and regional autonomy, resulting in the destruction of local cultures. Glocalization proposes to mediate between this global system and local community and that local practices be respected. It often involves tailoring products intended for international distribution to the tastes of local consumers. To illustrate the strategic implications and choices, I will use the model The nine strategic windows (Solberg 1997). C:UsersIhabDesktopniggaUten navn.bmp This approach is a dynamic model that enables us to indicate which strategies the players should choose in the future market. The analysis will therefore focus on the conditions that should be present for such a role that each bank should use effectively. The two dimensions of this matrix are the industrys globality and the banks ability for internationalization. In the study, I will use the model with nine windows indicating nine specific strategic options. Over the last 30 years, we have seen that some Norwegian banks seeking to internationalize their operations by establishing branches abroad. Banks range from Stay home market, to Strengthen position in the global markets orfind new owners with the international network . Thus different banks are located not only at different points along the y-axis, but also along the x-axis (the industry globality). If one is located to the left of the matrix, it indicates little globality. There will be fewer opportunities and threats of global ization, which should then set the orientation of the strategies that banks should choose depending on how they are positioned along the y-axis. I have already placed some Norwegian banks in this picture. Globalization of the banking industry had impacts on Norwegian banks and Norwegian banking industry. This is due to the fact that in the past banks had different products and services in diverse markets and were affected differently by the structural and international barriers. The strategies will be on the one hand more affected by consolidation in established markets; on the other hand, globalization could represent major threats but many opportunities. Other strategic alternatives will be more effective, depending on the location along the y-axis. Studies of multi-national companies (MNS) use of European banks (Berger Smith 2003; Berger, Dai, Ongen Smith 2003) show that the banking industry still has some way to go before it can be called global. A problem with this model is in its construction. It is simple to understand, there are many ways to define the two dimensions and fault localization could lead to completely w rong conclusions in strategic choices in an individual company. As a practical example, Nordea Bank, which is the largest bank in the Nordic and Baltic region with headquarters in Stockholm bank, is the result of successive Nordic acquisitions and mergers in the period 1997 to 2000. Through its around 10 million customers of which 4.9 are the online customers and 1,300 branches is the market leader in the Nordic region with 35, 20, 20 and 15% market share to Finland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway.   Our vision is to be the leading Nordic bank. Growth strategy has been mergers and acquisitions, but the strategy is further organic growth in the Nordic and near abroad emerging markets (Annual Report 2006). In Norway, the goal is to increase market share in the retail market. Nordea is well equipped to meet the challenges that globalization entails. Furthermore, our assessment is that the Baltic / Poland for strategic reasons should be developed in order to restrain the activities of other banks, especially German and Austrian, but also other fore ign banks. The possible scenario is that Poland is an exciting emerging market is an arena where major Western European banks competing for market share. We realize that this may be difficult in Russia. Nordea has a major share in Ogresbank but does not control the bank 100%.   In this respect, Russia should be an important priority for Nordea.   http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/glocalization.asp#ixzz2NYBBvRnm Finally, I have proved to review the social culture, social capital and glocalization in Nordea and other firms. Some other examples, I intend to cite are McDonalds Corporation and MTV Networks activities. McDonalds Corporation has restaurants in more than 100 countries. Instead of offering an American-style menu in a place like Dubai and other Islamic countries, where people do not eat pig meat, McDonald sells mostly chicken, lamb and beef. Big-ticket items in the automotive industry are examples of glocalization. Mercedes-Benz or BMW car manufacturers present many different engine offerings and trim levels for their home market.   But the cars offered abroad are usually limited to more powerful engines and higher-end interiors. Likewise, MTV Networks, which broadcasts in many countries, does not offer the same programming in all those countries. The network tailors each channel to suit those countries individual tastes and features regional and international musicians. With satellite TV, audiences can even glocalize their living rooms. Numerous foreign-language channels can be ordered, so an immigrant from Italy can catch her favorite variety shows on RAI International, or an Egyptian expat can catch regional news from back home on Al Jazeera channel.

Developing Communication Essay -- Interpersonal Communication

Communication skills are vital to the manager’s success. A manager must be an effective communicator to lead people. Assessing your communication skills is the key to your success; nevertheless, most people fail to recognize the role communication plays. When assessing your communication abilities, it is essential to review your interpersonal communication skills. Interpersonal skills are the most crucial skill that is needed to be an effective manager. Interpersonal communication skills are a ‘type of supportive communication that is the key to empowering people and motivating others to become more effective and efficient employees† (South University Online, 2011, p. 1). Supportive communication is beneficial in communicating both â€Å"honestly and accurately, it can preserve or enhance your personal, and professional relationships while providing information and resolving issues with your counterparts† (South University Online, p.1). In this essay, I will us the eight principles of supportive communication (problem oriented, congruence, descriptive, validates, specific, conjunctive, owned, and supportive listening) to reflect how a conversation with my daughter was impacted by my communication style. Synopsis of the Conversation My 13-year-old daughter was attending a friend birthday party. When she came into the den to let me know that she was leaving with her friend and parent, I must have given a strange look or appeared to look angry. She wanted to know why I was looking at her like that. I responded by pointing out that I felt her outfit was inappropriate to wear because it was too short and revealing for her age. She should choose another outfit to wear. My daughter pointed out that she had borrowed from one of her frie... ...(2005) states that good listeners are more likely perceived to be skillful communicator. Conclusion I choose the conversation with my daughter to explore the eight principles of supportive communication. Some may fell that with children that communication must be handled differently. On my job I supervise, college students. I often view other supervisors communicating different with students than adult. I have taken management classes over the year and I feel that the most effective manager will make self-analysis and seek ways to over come defensiveness and disconfirmation. The eight principle of supportive communication are an excellent place to start and beneficial to you whereas you can communicate effectively with anyone. My conversation with my daughter would not have not been as positive as it where if I was not already knowledge and seeking improvement.

Bonnie and Clyde: Beginning of a New Hollywood Era

BONNIE AND CLYDE : â€Å"Beginning of the New Hollywood Era. † Bonnie and Clyde is a 1967 American crime film about Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, the criminal version of Romeo and Juliet, the true story of the most beloved yet infamous outlaws, robbers and convicts who journeyed the Central United States during the Great Depression. The film was directed by Arthur Penn, and stars Faye Dunaway as Bonnie Parker, and Warren Beatty as Clyde Barrow. Bonnie and Clyde is reckoned as one of the 60s' most talked-about, volatile, controversial crime/gangster films combining comedy, terror, love, and ferocious violence, and regarded as one of the first films of the New Hollywood era, in which it broke many taboos and was so popular amongst the younger generation. After its success, it encouraged other filmmakers to be more forward about presenting sex and violence in their films. The film was intended as a romantic and comic version of the violent gangster films of the 1930s, updated with modern filmmaking techniques. To begin with the film opens with a lap dissolve from a golden, old-style Warner Bros shield, grainy, unglamorous, blurry, sepia-toned snapshots of the Barrow and Parker families (at the time of Bonnie and Clyde's childhood) play on a black background, accompanied by the loud clicking sound of a camera shutter (The credit titles are interspersed with flashes of more semi-documentary, brownish-tinged pictures) to an extreme close up of Bonnie applying ruby red lipstick. The implication of the lap dissolve is that they will be linked in the film, and that love will be involved. The sound bridge also emphasis love, as the song concludes with the words â€Å"deep in the arms of love† and further links Clyde and Bonnie. So from the start, Penn introduces the love story as central to the film, and view everything that follows from within this framework. A subsequent pan right results in a close up of Bonnie reflected in a mirror, revealing her face and her styled hair. The camera does a clever little dance insuring that Dunaway shows plenty of skin without really revealing anything, as jagged jump cuts slice away whenever her motion within the rame threatens to bring her nudity across the line of acceptability. The medium shot that follows shows the water marks in the ceiling and wall of her low-income frame house, indicating her dire financial straits. When she she flings herself down on her bed, the bars both run diagonally across the screen and cast shadows across her face indicating for us the prison she feels she feels she’s in as she repeate dly strikes the cage surrounding her. Based on how she saw herself in the mirror, she clearly thinks she deserves better. The following close up (when she grabs the bars) and zoom into an extreme close up of her eyes reflects her torment. As the camera holds her face, we can see the resignation in her face as she turns to get dressed for work. Bonnie is trapped in a dead end life. By stressing this aspect of her life, Penn has us initially glimpse Bonnie in the best possible light. This scene also explains Bonnie’s following actions in two ways. First is that she understands exactly how Clyde must have felt in prison when they later meet, establishing an immediate bond between them. The second is that, when Clyde tells her that he cut off two of his toes to get out of a work detail, she believes him for the man of action he portrays himself to be , (â€Å"Boy, did you really do that. †). This compares favorably with her desire to rise above her own dull circumstance and take action within her own life. It's understandable then when Bonnie rides off in the car stolen by a man who has robbed a grocery store, who she has only known a few minutes (but has connected with emotionally. ) The idea of a decent young woman in a dead end town working a dead end job during the Great Depression escaping with a convicted felon is made even more acceptable by the mise-en-scene and cinematography. The deep focus of the opening scene allows us to see her room humbly decorated with a small, vulgar collection of porcelain figurines and a rag doll, and a few family photographs are tacked on the drab wall. These details allow us to see Bonnie as an ordinary person. Likewise, Clyde is portrayed as a clean cut gentleman with white fedora hat, white shirt, and tie and jacket, and a bright white smile. His jacket, a warm brown earthy brown, softens any inclinations we may have of him as a criminal after Bonnie catches him about to steal her mother’s car. The mise-en-scene on the long tracking shot down an empty Main Street (except for one elderly Negro sitting on a bench in front of the barber shop) in the small, rural, Southwest Texas town allows us to connect the hard times and limited opportunities (boarded up stores) that surround Bonnie and Clyde and then a close-up of Clyde’s face. Clyde’s mouth is dominated by objects, like the Coke bottle and the match, which demonstrate his confidence. Perhaps, a close-up shot is used instead of the standard wide shot is to emphasize this aspect of Clyde’s personality. When Bonnie rubs the tip of the bottle of coke across her lips and flicks her tongue in her mouth as she watches Clyde gulped his and smiles, the shot is closed-up to emphasize Bonnie’s sexual curiousity. In a longer shot, Bonnie both turns aways from Clyde, but then turns back toward him in order to give him another opportunity to prove his violence, Clyde pulled out his gun and clandestinely showing it to her. The wide shot allows this action to play out on screen – both her change in attitude as well as his last effort. The wide shot also manages to obstruct the gun from the audience’s view by not showing it in close-up until later. From this still frame, it’s even difficult to see what the object that he pulls from his pocket is exactly. Then, a quick close-up of Bonnie’s face presents her intrigue at seeing Clyde’s gun. to a close-up of Clyde’s gun as he holds it at his waist and points it in her direction. The Coke bottles are now put away and missing from the last couple close-ups as their relationship moves onto the next stage. The establishing shot of the main street in town introduces the flat, empty, barren country all around them. After Clyde robs the grocery store and during their first escape in the stolen car, the scenes are pretty much rough cuts of Bonnie smothering Clyde with hugs and kisses as they careen down the dusty country road. During the hurried getaway, banjo music by Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs (â€Å"Foggy Mountain Breakdown†) plays on the soundtrack – theme music that accompanies their escapes. This piece of music later will be repeated in lots of scenes. In the end of the clip, We’ll be introduced to the us-against the world theme, where Bonnie and Clyde engaged in a rather serious conversation where after Clyde diverting her physical arousal, entices Bonnie into a glamorous life with his own unrealistic, ignorant and childish fantasies of freedom, wealth and fame. He encourages her to think of him as the answer to her dreams – they could make history together. The fact is, on the whole, Bonnie and Clyde is driven by the quality of its performances, by the multiple layers and nuances these actors bring to their legendary characters. Most of the characters are portrayed as accurately as possible, however, it seems like the life of Bonnie and Clyde were simplified and exaggerated in the film, in order to keep the film exciting and also convey the emotions and ideas that scenes are trying to get across. Like in the scene when Bonnie first realizes that Clyde isn’t much a â€Å"loverboy†, it pours out loads of bullshits about how Clyde, nevertheless, saw something special in Bonnie, which Bonnie buys it, when if you’re realistic enough considering her insecurity and desperation to escape her small town ennui, but the director seems to expect the audience to buy it as well, to see this tale as a Hollywood tragic love story. And of course in the end, this is an exceedingly shocking film, that brings tragedy full circle, all that more affecting with the disarming comedy, which always seemed to intensify the serious tone. However, overall, Bonnie and Clyde has succeeded as one of the first films to bring a new, tougher sensibility to mainstream Hollywood filmmaking, a sensibility that would come to define the new American cinema as the 60s transitioned into the 70s. It is an openly violent and sexualized vision of the famous criminal couple, testing the boundaries of screen representation. And that’s pretty much the time when we say hello to the New Hollywood Era.

Behaviour For Learning And Management Of Students Education Essay

The demand to pull off behavior has long been an issue within schools. With the push on raising attainment, the development of SEN proviso and the addition in policy, to be inclusive of all scholars irrespective of their academic degree or their societal behavior, as identified that 20 % of all SEN scholars have SEBD. Current policy has adapted towards a positive attack concentrating on the ability of instructors to make a positive acquisition environment developing positive relationships in order to advance a positive attitude towards larning, maneuvering off from the one time punitory attack and non being re-active to negative behavior but more pro-active as supported by ( EPPI ) Behaviour direction is frequently flagged as an country that ITE pupils feel they would profit from holding greater support in when come ining the profession of instruction ( Buell et al. , 1999 cited in EPPI ) . This has been met by the outlooks set by the TTA via the Qualifying to learn, the new criterions and demands for Qualified Teacher Status ( QTS ) ( TTA,2002 ) . B4L is a construct that has been developed through a reappraisal of effectual behaviour direction schemes. It has been identified that B4L is a consequence of battalion of influences and non simply the desire of a scholar to misconduct and unwillingness to larn. It is of import to place the theoretical rules behind the manner in which scholars manifest themselves in footings of behavior, as identified in the principle for the EPPI systemic reappraisal of how theories explain larning behavior in school context. Behaviour for larning ( B4L ) identifies the nexus between pupils societal behavior and behavior and the manner in which they learn. The schools policy clearly states high outlooks of pupils, â€Å" We expect pupils to reflect this in their visual aspect, attitudes and behavior. We know we are modeling the citizens of the hereafter and will promote them to care for one another, be unfastened, just, honest and merely. We want them to hold a sense of pride in being portion of our school community. † ( School Aims, Staff enchiridion ) . Further to this the school s vision is to raise accomplishment by developing a civilization where ‘learning is at the bosom of the school community ‘ . To accomplish this vision the school identifies whole school precedences for 2010/2011 including bettering behavior and attending. It besides stated that the school will concentrate on integrating SEAL pattern in the schoolroom, which has been identified as an of import key in developing scholar ‘s emotional intelligence ( Coleman, 1996 ) supplying scholars with the accomplishment set to supervise and better their behavior independently. It was clearly identified in the School Development Plan that Behaviour for larning needed to be addressed ( appendix 1 ) . This was farther reinforced as a high precedence country during staff meetings and subsequent correspondence from the Head Teacher ( Appendix 1a ) , which focused on current issues in lessons and the demand to better B4L. Two cardinal issues that arose were the usage of nomadic phones within lessons and consistence of countenances ( Appendix 1a ) . It is interesting to observe that these both encompass the instructor and the scholar. It is refering to observe that usage of nomadic phones within lessons is being flagged as a B4L issue and non a mark of detachment. Intelligibly there is a close nexus between the quality of acquisition, instruction and behavior, and hence raises the inquiry can behaviour be improved through bettering the quality of larning & A ; learning? The school clearly identifies that there is a demand to reenforce their school policies on beh avior for acquisition. Through initial observation it was interesting to observe the degree of behavioral issues happening both in and out of lessons. It poses the inquiry is this a school being pro-active in pull offing behavior for larning or re-active to behaviour that had non been managed systematically? This survey will concentrate on the schools current policy on behavior for larning and how this is implemented on a day-to-day footing. Through a reappraisal of the schools current policy and issues this survey will trust to propose future recommendations to better behavior for acquisition. Recent national policy has moved off from a punitory system where pupils were punished for making something incorrect ‘reactive ‘ and are now working towards understanding what causes scholars to be off undertaking and show unwanted behaviour ‘pro-active ‘ . With the recent development of particular educational demands designation and proviso it is no longer acceptable to react in a punitory manner. National policy now promotes the inclusion of a greater diverseness of scholars in schools irrespective of degree of accomplishment or societal behavior ( Department for Education & A ; Employment ( DfEE ) , 1999 ) . It is of import for schools to recognize this and develop schemes to advance B4L as over 20 % of SEN proviso are scholars with societal emotional and behavioral upset ( SEBD ) ( Department for Children, Schools & A ; Families, 2008 ) . SEBD scholars by nature can expose unwanted behavior unless managed in a positive manner, and would it non be deemed u nacceptable from an instruction professional ‘s position for a scholar predisposed to expose hapless behavior as the consequence of a recognized upset, to fall victim to punitory actions. It is hence of import for schools to hold a well-structured B4L policy that coincides with the SEN policy. Communication between the SEN section and the remainder of the school is besides indispensable. ( back up with research ) excessively many lessons lack challenge and make non take sufficient history of pupils ‘ single capablenesss or promote independent acquisition. Besides, quality of marker and feedback by and large varies well across the school. However, a little minority of parents expressed positions that the school ‘s communicating with parents could be better, and besides that pupils ‘ behavior was non ever every bit good as it should be. Inspectors found behavior to be satisfactory overall, but variable. In general, pupils have a high respect for their school, bask their instruction and appreciate the assortment of chances on offer to them, both within the course of study and beyond. They are developing a good scope of personal accomplishments that are fixing them good for their instruction and employment after school. Ensure that lesson activities systematically challenge pupils of all ability groups to do better advancement and develop their independent acquisition accomplishments, particularly at Key Stage 4. Behaviour in lessons is satisfactory, although someinstances of students being excessively rambunctious were seen during the review. However, there is by and large non plenty truly disputing learning across the school to guarantee that pupils make systematically good advancement in their acquisition and therefore develop the assurance and ability to work independently. Where learning is less effectual, be aftering does non take sufficient history of pupils ‘ different capablenesss and get downing points, and is excessively teacher-directed. Teachers do supply some clear, detailed and utile written feedback, but this is inconsistent across the school and does non ever give specific advice about what pupils need to make to better their work – a job which persists since the last review.